Systeme der Systemtechnik: Difference between revisions
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* '''Object/property system:''' Object/property systems are products. They are concrete artificial systems with numerous interfaces to their environment and are therefore open systems. The interfaces can be of different types. Ropohl himself writes specifically: "Engineering tasks consist of producing technical entities; subtasks such as testing [, ...] or maintenance relate to the technical entity, but are fundamental tasks of designing objects. These are all material systems that form the content of engineering tasks." In our understanding, the resulting technical structures are also parts of the technical system. This includes the product model, test benches, laboratory samples, etc. | * '''Object/property system:''' Object/property systems are products. They are concrete artificial systems with numerous interfaces to their environment and are therefore open systems. The interfaces can be of different types. Ropohl himself writes specifically: "Engineering tasks consist of producing technical entities; subtasks such as testing [, ...] or maintenance relate to the technical entity, but are fundamental tasks of designing objects. These are all material systems that form the content of engineering tasks." In our understanding, the resulting technical structures are also parts of the technical system. This includes the product model, test benches, laboratory samples, etc. | ||
* '''Target system:''' Since the engineering activity is orientated towards certain targets, the set of targets is called the target system. The targets originate both from the action system and from its environment. Target systems are an organised set of the targets of a systems engineering project. Target systems do not represent tangible objects, but are verbally formulated contents of consciousness, which makes them artificial systems. As they are subject to constant change, they should be seen as dynamic systems. Target systems have a hierarchy. We differentiate between process, object and product goals. Process goals relate, for example, to the development duration or the development costs. Product goals are all requirements for the product, such as dimensions or energy requirements. Object goals refer to objects that have to be created during the course of development, such as development documentation or CAD models. | * '''Target system:''' Since the engineering activity is orientated towards certain targets, the set of targets is called the target system. The targets originate both from the action system and from its environment. Target systems are an organised set of the targets of a systems engineering project. Target systems do not represent tangible objects, but are verbally formulated contents of consciousness, which makes them artificial systems. As they are subject to constant change, they should be seen as dynamic systems. Target systems have a hierarchy. We differentiate between process, object and product goals. Process goals relate, for example, to the development duration or the development costs. Product goals are all requirements for the product, such as dimensions or energy requirements. Object goals refer to objects that have to be created during the course of development, such as development documentation or CAD models. | ||
==Literatur== | |||
[https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.330471315 Ropohl, G.: Einleitung in die Systemtechnik. In: Ropohl (Hrsg.) Systemtechnik - Grundlagen und Anwendung, Carl Hanser Verlag, München, 1975] | |||
==Siehe auch== | ==Siehe auch== |
Latest revision as of 07:26, 7 May 2024
Systeme der Systemtechnik | |
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Relevant für Projekte aus der ASE-Initiative | AdWiSE |
Stadium | Up-to-date |
ASE-Definition (dt.)
- Handlungssystem: Handlungssysteme haben den Zweck, Sachsysteme hervorzubringen. Dabei stellen sie offene, dynamische, soziotechnische Systeme dar. In ihnen sind Menschen und Maschinen (= „Sachen“) vorhanden, die in Interaktion ihren Zweck erfüllen. Handlungssysteme sind eine natürlichen Systeme. Eine umfassende Definition der Funktionen von Sachsystemen ist, da insb. aus den Bereichen der Betriebswirtschaft und der Organisationswissenschaft entsprechende Betrachtungen nicht verfügbar sind. Die charakteristische Funktion des Handlungssystems orientiert sich daher an seinem Zweck, Sachsysteme hervorzubringen Dabei wird der informatorische Input aus dem Zielsystem in entsprechende Eigenschaften eines Sachsystems gewandelt. Durch Eingaben in das Zielsystem findet eine Zustandsveränderung des Handlungssystems statt. Ropohl unterscheidet die Struktur des Handlungssystems in eine Ablaufstruktur mit zeitlichen und logischen Relationen und eine Aufbaustruktur mit Fokus auf personelle und technische Systeme. Die Ablaufstruktur beschreibt damit z.B. die Prozesse in der Produktentstehung. Die Aufbaustruktur umfasst u.a die Beschreibung der Aufbauorganisation der Produktentstehung (Abteilung Team, ...) sowie personelle und sachliche Ressourcen (dazu gehören Hardware Software, ...), die zur Zielerreichung genutzt werden.
- Objekt-/Sachsystem: Objekt-/Sachsysteme sind Produkte. Sie sind konkrete künstliche Systeme mit zahlreichen Schnittstellen zu ihrer Umwelt und daher offene Systeme. Die Schnittstellen können unterschiedlich geartet sein. Ropohl selbst schreibt konkret: „Ingenieuraufgaben bestehen darin, technische Gebilde hervorzubringen; Teilaufgaben wie z.B. Versuch [, ...] oder Wartung beziehen sich auf das technische Gebilde, sind aber grundlegende Aufgaben des Sachgestaltens. Das alles sind Sachsysteme, die den Inhalt der Ingenieur-aufgaben bilden.“ Die entstehenden technischen Gebilde sind in unserem Verständnis auch Teile des Sachsystems. Hierzu gehören das Produktmodell, Prüfstände, Labormuster u.ä.
- Zielsystem: Da sich die Ingenieurtätigkeit an bestimmten Zielvorgaben orientiert, wird die Menge der Zielvorgaben Zielsystem genannt. Die Zielvorgaben stammen sowohl aus dem Handlungssystem als auch aus dessen Umfeld. Zielsysteme sind eine geordnete Menge der Ziele eines systemtechnischen Projekts. Zielsysteme stellen keine dinglichen Gegenstände dar, sondern sind verbal formulierte Bewusstseinsinhalte, was sie zu künstlichen Systemen macht. Da sie stetigen Veränderungen unterliegen, sind sie als dynamische Systeme zu sehen. Zielsysteme weisen eine Hierarchie auf. Wir unterscheiden zwischen Prozess, Objekt- und Produktzielen. Prozessziele beziehen sich bspw. auf die Entwicklungsdauer oder die Entwicklungskosten. Produktziele sind sämtliche Anforderungen an das Produkt, wie Abmessungen oder Energiebedarf. Objektziele beziehen sich auf Objekte, die im Verlauf der Entwicklung erstellt werden müssen, wie z.B. die Entwicklungsdokumentation oder CAD-Modelle.
ASE-Definition (engl.)
- Action system: The purpose of systems of action is to produce systems of things. They represent open, dynamic, socio-technical systems. They contain people and machines (= "things") that interact to fulfil their purpose. Action systems are natural systems. A comprehensive definition of the functions of material systems is not available, especially in the fields of business administration and organisational science. The characteristic function of the action system is therefore orientated towards its purpose of producing factual systems. The informational input from the target system is converted into the corresponding properties of a factual system. Inputs into the target system result in a change of state of the action system. Ropohl differentiates the structure of the action system into a process structure with temporal and logical relations and a superstructure focussing on personnel and technical systems. The process structure thus describes, for example, the processes in product creation. The organisational structure includes the description of the organisational structure of product creation (team department, ...) as well as personnel and material resources (including hardware, software, ...) that are used to achieve the objective.
- Object/property system: Object/property systems are products. They are concrete artificial systems with numerous interfaces to their environment and are therefore open systems. The interfaces can be of different types. Ropohl himself writes specifically: "Engineering tasks consist of producing technical entities; subtasks such as testing [, ...] or maintenance relate to the technical entity, but are fundamental tasks of designing objects. These are all material systems that form the content of engineering tasks." In our understanding, the resulting technical structures are also parts of the technical system. This includes the product model, test benches, laboratory samples, etc.
- Target system: Since the engineering activity is orientated towards certain targets, the set of targets is called the target system. The targets originate both from the action system and from its environment. Target systems are an organised set of the targets of a systems engineering project. Target systems do not represent tangible objects, but are verbally formulated contents of consciousness, which makes them artificial systems. As they are subject to constant change, they should be seen as dynamic systems. Target systems have a hierarchy. We differentiate between process, object and product goals. Process goals relate, for example, to the development duration or the development costs. Product goals are all requirements for the product, such as dimensions or energy requirements. Object goals refer to objects that have to be created during the course of development, such as development documentation or CAD models.